Wall panel load decomposition
This topic will discuss the decomposition that occurs when considering wind load applied to wall panels.
Decomposition options
Wind zone loads are decomposed on to the structure according to the Decompose to wall panel property. The available options are:
- Members
- Nodes (default)
- Rigid Diaphragms
To demonstrate the effect of the different Decompose to options, consider a braced steel frame clad in wind wall panels as shown below:
For wind direction 0, the wind model produces Zone loads as follows:
The topics below illustrate how the above zone loads are decomposed for each of the three different Decompose to options.
Decompose to Members
Decomposition to members is similar to roof panel decomposition, the span direction of the wind wall panel determines the direction of the one way decomposition.
All element types within the wind wall plane are considered with the exception of bracing members.
Decomposition to members allows for example, the generation of UDLs on portal stanchions and gable posts without the need to model side rails.
Choosing Decompose to Members with a wall panel rotation angle of 0 degrees produces the following load decomposition:
If the wall panel rotation angle is changed to 90 degrees, when the decomposition is re-performed this changes to:
Note that in the example model, analysis elements have been inserted between the column bases so that when the wall panel angle is 90 degrees, the panels are still surrounded by load carrying members in the direction of span.
Decompose to Nodes
Decomposition to nodes is the default setting and results in nodal loads on the supporting members. This setting is typically appropriate to avoid lateral loads on simple beams.
All element types within the wind wall plane are considered with the exception of bracing members.
The initial decomposition is to members (as described in the previous 'Decompose to Members' section) with the direction of the one way decomposition being specified by the span direction of the panel. A secondary decomposition stage is then undertaken to convert the member loads to nodal loads:
- Full/partial UDLs and VDLs on elements (lengths of beams/columns between nodes) are distributed back to nodes as if the elements were simply supported at either end.
- The final nodal load is the sum of all incoming element loads.
Choosing Decompose to Nodes with a wall panel rotation angle of 0 degrees produces the following loads:
The above loads are obtained by an initial horizontal decomposition of the area load to the column members, followed by a secondary decomposition of the column member loads back to the nodes.
If the decomposition were to be re-performed after changing the wall panel rotation angle to 90 degrees, the area load would initially be decomposed to the beams at roof level and analysis elements at ground level, (analysis elements are inserted as described in the previous section to enable the correct decomposition). The member loads would then be decomposed back to the nodes in the same way.

Decompose to Rigid Diaphragms
Decomposition to rigid diaphragms does not consider the span direction of the wall panel (so the rotation angle is irrelevant).
It is particularly useful for flat-slab structures, as the alternative Decompose to Member or Node decomposition methods require supporting members that may not exist in the model.
All rigid diaphragms within the wind wall height are considered for decomposition irrespective of whether they are physically connected to the wind wall.
For the model shown above, choosing Decompose to Rigid Diaphagm produces the following load decomposition:
When using decomposition to diaphragms, each Zone load is decomposed as a separate point load on the diaphragm.
The following validation checks are performed on wind wall panels set to Decompose to Rigid Diaphragms:
- Each panel must be rectangular
- The top level of every wall panel must align with a rigid diaphragm
- Each panel may be sub-divided into zones, but only by horizontal lines
- Unlike for Decompose to Member or Node, each wall panel does not need to have supporting members along its edges.