Concrete meshed and mid-pier wall properties

Tekla Structural Designer
Modified: 3 Apr 2024
2024
Tekla Structural Designer

Concrete meshed and mid-pier wall properties

General
Name The automatically generated name.
User Name Can be used to override the automatically generated name if required.
Top Level Specifies the top level for the wall.
Base Level Specifies the bottom level for the wall.
Wall Type

Meshed Shear Wall

Mid-pier Shear Wall

Note: Mid-pier shear walls must be rectangular in a vertical plane. Meshed shear walls can be vertical or sloping.
Fabrication
Choice of:
  • Cast-in-place
  • Precast
    Note: Design of precast members is beyond scope in the current release
Autodesign

Cleared - the specified reinforcement will be checked during the design process.

Selected - reinforcement will be designed during the design process.

See: Concrete member autodesign

Select bars starting from

This option controls the starting point for auto-design procedures and is therefore only displayed if Automatic design is ‘on’. It applies to both longitudinal bars and links.

  • Minima (default) - removes the current arrangement and begins with the minimum allowed bar size.

  • Current - the auto design commences from the current bar arrangement.

See: Concrete member autodesign

Assume extra floors supported Enter the number of extra floors supported.

Rotation

(mid-pier only)

0° - wall spans horizontally

90° - wall spans vertically

AutomaticGenerate Support

Cleared - a support will only be created if the Generate support property is selected.

Selected - a support will only be created if no members/slabs capable of providing support exist under the wall.

Generate support

Cleared - no support is created under the wall.

Selected - a support is created under the wall.

Note: When a support is created, a line support is formed under a meshed wall, a point support under a mid-pier wall, and a series of point supports under a bearing wall.
Note: When a support is created, its degrees of freedom are as specified in the ‘Wall support’ area of the wall properties.

KLL

(Head Code ACI/AISC)

Specify the KLL factor in accordance with Table 4-2 in ASCE 7-05/ASCE 7-10.

See: Overview of live or imposed load reductions

Plane Indicates the grid along which the wall is placed.
All panels
Concrete type While you can apply both normal and lightweight concrete, wall design using lightweight concrete is currently beyond scope.
Grade The concrete grades that are available here are set from the Materials button on the Home ribbon.
Thickness The thickness of the wall.
Alignment

Alignment of the wall:

  • Front
  • Back
  • Middle
  • User
Alignment offset When the alignment is set to User it can be adjusted by specifying an exact offset.
End 1 extension

The amount the wall is extended or trimmed back from end 1.

A positive extension extends the wall length beyond its insertion point.

A negative extension trims the wall back from the insertion point.

See: Specify extensions and releases

End 2 extension

The amount the wall is extended or trimmed back from end 2.

A positive extension extends the wall length beyond its insertion point.

A negative extension trims the wall back from the insertion point.

See: Specify extensions and releases

Reinforcement Layers

Number of layers of reinforcement to be used in the wall, (1 or 2).

Releases
Minor Top

Fixed

Pinned

Continuous (incoming members pinned)

Note: The ‘Continuous’ option is only available for FE meshed walls.
Minor Bottom

Fixed

Pinned

Continuous (incoming members pinned)

Note: The ‘Continuous’ option is only available for FE meshed walls.
Analysis & design control
Orthotropic By default, the wall panels are treated as having isotropic material properties. Selecting this option allows assigning orthotropic material properties.

For further details, see: Orthotropic walls

Calculate properties

Only available when the Orthotropic option has been selected.

Allows setting material properties in two in-plane directions automatically based on the stiffness modification X and Y factors below.

For details of how the parameters are calculated, see: Orthotropic wall implementation

X factor - along the length of the wall and Y factor along the height of the wall.

Only available when the Calculate properties option has been selected.

Applies stiffness modification factors in the local X and Y directions

Ex, Ey, Gxy, Gxz | Gyz, 𝜈x, and 𝜈y

Allows manually setting material properties, such as Young’s moduli, shear moduli, and the Poisson’s ratio.

The fields become editable when the Calculate properties option is cleared (except 𝜈y, which remains read-only).

Note: No distinction is made between Gxz and Gyz out-of-plane shear moduli.
Apply modification factors

By default, (unless the Orthotropic option has been selected), the modification factors specified in Analysis settings are applied. When this option is cleared the modification factors are not applied.

See also: Use of modification factors

Assume cracked

Assuming concrete sections are cracked has a direct affect on the analysis; smaller modification factors are applied to cracked sections causing an increase in deflection. Indirectly the design can also be affected because the sway/drift sensitivity calculations are also influenced by this assumption.

See: Cracked, partially cracked, and uncracked concrete members

The Assume cracked option is not available when the Orthotropic option has been selected.

Design parameters

Permanent load ratio option

Relative humidity (RH)

Age of loading

You are required to supply a value for the permanent load ratio parameter. A default of 0.65 has been assumed, but you are advised to consider if this is appropriate and adjust as necessary.

Age of loading is the age at which loading is applied.

See: Design parameters (Eurocode only)

Sway and drift checks
Merge with stack below

Columns are divided into stacks and walls are divided into panels at floor levels where members or slabs connect to the column/wall. For the purposes of Sway/Drift, Wind Drift and Seismic Drift checks only you can override the default stack/panel divisions by merging a stack/panel with a lower stack/panel. The length of the combined stack/panel is then used in the checks.

Sway/Seismic drift checks

By default all stacks of all walls are taken into account in the calculation to determine the sway sensitivity of the building. The results of this calculation being accessed from the Review toolbar.

This parameter provides a facility to exclude particular wall panels from these calculations to avoid spurious results associated with very small panel lengths. You can either clear the checkbox located under ‘All Panels’ to exclude the entire wall, or you can exclude a particular panel by clearing the checkbox located under that panel only.

Wind drift check,

Wind drift ratio

Wind drift is automatically checked against the specified limiting ratio, (which can be set differently for different columns). The results of this calculation are accessed from the Review toolbar.

If you don’t want this check to be performed you can either clear the checkbox located under ‘All Panels’ to exclude the entire wall, or you can exclude a particular stack by clearing the checkbox located under that panel only.

Confinement reinforcement
Provide support regions

Selected - confinement reinforcement is designed separately in three regions.

Cleared - the same confinement reinforcement is designed for the whole stack.

Slenderness

Major

(Minor)

Braced

Bracing

Effective length factor direction Major

(Minor)

Calculated

User input value

Stiffness
Use slab for calculation (upper major/ minor, lower major/minor)

For the unrestrained length calculation:

  • • if a slab exists at a panel end, it can be ignored by unchecking the relevant box.

  • If no slab exists at that end, the setting is redundant - in which case the program considers the setting at the remote end of the next panel instead.

See: Stiffness

Nominal cover The nominal concrete cover is the distance between the surface of the reinforcement closest to the nearest concrete surface (including links and surface reinforcement where relevant) and the nearest concrete surface.
Seismic
In a seismic force resisting system

If this is the case, select the checkbox, and then specify the SFRS direction and type.

Note: Design of members in seismic force resisting systems is only supported for the ACI/AISC Head Code in the current release.

Shear demand/shear capacity ratio in Dir 1

Shear demand/shear capacity ratio in Dir 2

(ASCE 7 code only)

When working to the ASCE 7, the engineer can directly define the shear demand / capacity ratio (beta) in each direction. The default value of 1.0 could be over-conservative.

The setting is applicable to all years of the ASCE 7 code and has the following default and limits: Default = 1; Min = 0.001; Max = 10.

Utilization ratio
Apply (to autodesign) On
  • When an Autodesign is performed, the design will be incremented to achieve a utilization ratio less than the ratio limit.
Off
  • When an Autodesign is performed, the design will be incremented to achieve a utilization ratio less than 1.0.

See: Apply user defined utilization ratios

Apply (to check) On
  • When a Check is performed, the check will pass provided the utilization ratio is less than the ratio limit.
Off
  • When a Check is performed, the check will pass provided the utilization ratio is less than 1.0.
Ratio limit The utilization ratio against which the autodesign or check is performed (when applied above).
Wall support
Angles

(Fx/Fy/Fz, Mx/My/Mz)

Used to specify the translational and rotational degrees of freedom in which the support acts:

  • Fixed - indicates the support is fixed in the specified direction.

  • Free - indicates the support is free to move, or has a stiffness applied in the specified direction.

Translational stiffnesses (x/y/z)

Used to specify the translational stiffness applied in a direction that is not fixed:

  • Release

  • Spring Linear

  • Spring Non-linear

Rotational stiffnesses (x/y/z)

Used to specify the rotational stiffness applied in a direction that is not fixed:

  • Release

  • Spring Linear

  • Spring Non-linear

Reinforcement
Include end zones

Cleared - the wall is designed without end zones of reinforcement

Selected - the wall is designed with end zones of reinforcement

Wall zone
Form, type class Specifies the wall zone reinforcement properties
End zone
Form, type class Specifies the end zone reinforcement properties (if end zones have been requested).
Panel 1, 2, 3 etc.

In a multi-panel wall properties can be entered for a specific panel, over-riding those defined at the All panels level.

Count the floor as being supported

Top level

(Intermediate levels)

Base level

(Head Code Eurocode, BS or IS)

If selected, the floor will be treated as supported when calculating the live/imposed load reductions.

Restrained

Used to indicate at which levels the wall is restrained.

Note: Only levels with a connecting member are listed.
Meshing (meshed walls only)
Override Model’s Select this checkbox to override the default wall mesh size that is specified in the Structure properties.
Wall Mesh Horizontal Size Used to override the default wall horizontal mesh size (1.000m).
Wall Mesh Vertical Size Used to override the default wall vertical mesh size (1.000m).
Wall Mesh Type

Available mesh types:

  • Quad only
  • Tri only
  • Quad dominant

See: How meshed walls are represented in solver models

UDA

Name

Finish

Class

Phase

Note

File

A customizable list of the attributes that can be applied to individual members and panels.

See: Work with user-defined attributes

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