Concrete meshed and mid-pier wall properties
General | |
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Name | The automatically generated name. |
User Name | Can be used to override the automatically generated name if required. |
Top Level | Specifies the top level for the wall. |
Base Level | Specifies the bottom level for the wall. |
Wall Type |
Meshed Shear Wall Mid-pier Shear Wall Note: Mid-pier shear
walls must be rectangular in a vertical plane. Meshed shear
walls can be vertical or sloping.
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Fabrication |
Choice of:
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Autodesign |
Cleared - the specified reinforcement will be checked during the design process. Selected - reinforcement will be designed during the design process. |
Select bars starting from |
This option controls the starting point for auto-design procedures and is therefore only displayed if Automatic design is ‘on’. It applies to both longitudinal bars and links.
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Assume extra floors supported | Enter the number of extra floors supported. |
Rotation (mid-pier only) |
0° - wall spans horizontally 90° - wall spans vertically |
AutomaticGenerate Support |
Cleared - a support will only be created if the Generate support property is selected. Selected - a support will only be created if no members/slabs capable of providing support exist under the wall. |
Generate support |
Cleared - no support is created under the wall. Selected - a support is created under the wall. Note: When a support is created, a line support is formed under a
meshed wall, a point support under a mid-pier wall, and a series
of point supports under a bearing wall.
Note: When a support is created, its degrees of freedom are as
specified in the ‘Wall support’ area of the wall
properties.
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KLL (Head Code ACI/AISC) |
Specify the KLL factor in accordance with Table 4-2 in ASCE 7-05/ASCE 7-10. |
Plane | Indicates the grid along which the wall is placed. |
All panels | |
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Concrete type | While you can apply both normal and lightweight concrete, wall design using lightweight concrete is currently beyond scope. |
Grade | The concrete grades that are available here are set from the Materials button on the Home ribbon. |
Thickness | The thickness of the wall. |
Alignment |
Alignment of the wall:
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Alignment offset | When the alignment is set to User it can be adjusted by specifying an exact offset. |
End 1 extension |
The amount the wall is extended or trimmed back from end 1. A positive extension extends the wall length beyond its insertion point. A negative extension trims the wall back from the insertion point. |
End 2 extension |
The amount the wall is extended or trimmed back from end 2. A positive extension extends the wall length beyond its insertion point. A negative extension trims the wall back from the insertion point. |
Reinforcement Layers |
Number of layers of reinforcement to be used in the wall, (1 or 2). |
Releases | |
Minor Top |
Fixed Pinned Continuous (incoming members pinned) Note: The ‘Continuous’ option is only available for FE meshed
walls.
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Minor Bottom |
Fixed Pinned Continuous (incoming members pinned) Note: The ‘Continuous’ option is only available for FE meshed
walls.
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Analysis & design control | |
Orthotropic | By default, the wall panels are treated as having isotropic material properties.
Selecting this option allows assigning orthotropic material
properties. For further details, see: Orthotropic walls |
Calculate properties |
Only available when the Orthotropic option has been selected. Allows setting material properties in two in-plane directions automatically based on the stiffness modification X and Y factors below. For details of how the parameters are calculated, see: Orthotropic wall implementation |
X factor - along the length of the wall and Y factor along the height of the wall. |
Only available when the Calculate properties option has been selected. Applies stiffness modification factors in the local X and Y directions |
Ex, Ey, Gxy, Gxz | Gyz, 𝜈x, and 𝜈y |
Allows manually setting material properties, such as Young’s moduli, shear moduli, and the Poisson’s ratio. The fields become editable when the Calculate properties option is cleared (except 𝜈y, which remains read-only). Note: No distinction is
made between Gxz and Gyz out-of-plane shear moduli.
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Apply modification factors |
By default, (unless the Orthotropic option has been selected), the modification factors specified in Analysis settings are applied. When this option is cleared the modification factors are not applied. See also: Use of modification factors |
Assume cracked |
Assuming concrete sections are cracked has a direct affect on the analysis; smaller modification factors are applied to cracked sections causing an increase in deflection. Indirectly the design can also be affected because the sway/drift sensitivity calculations are also influenced by this assumption. See: Cracked, partially cracked, and uncracked concrete members The Assume cracked option is not available when the Orthotropic option has been selected. |
Design parameters | |
Permanent load ratio option Relative humidity (RH) Age of loading |
You are required to supply a value for the permanent load ratio parameter. A default of 0.65 has been assumed, but you are advised to consider if this is appropriate and adjust as necessary. Age of loading is the age at which loading is applied. |
Sway and drift checks | |
Merge with stack below |
Columns are divided into stacks and walls are divided into panels at floor levels where members or slabs connect to the column/wall. For the purposes of Sway/Drift, Wind Drift and Seismic Drift checks only you can override the default stack/panel divisions by merging a stack/panel with a lower stack/panel. The length of the combined stack/panel is then used in the checks. |
Sway/Seismic drift checks |
By default all stacks of all walls are taken into account in the calculation to determine the sway sensitivity of the building. The results of this calculation being accessed from the Review toolbar. This parameter provides a facility to exclude particular wall panels from these calculations to avoid spurious results associated with very small panel lengths. You can either clear the checkbox located under ‘All Panels’ to exclude the entire wall, or you can exclude a particular panel by clearing the checkbox located under that panel only. |
Wind drift check, Wind drift ratio |
Wind drift is automatically checked against the specified limiting ratio, (which can be set differently for different columns). The results of this calculation are accessed from the Review toolbar. If you don’t want this check to be performed you can either clear the checkbox located under ‘All Panels’ to exclude the entire wall, or you can exclude a particular stack by clearing the checkbox located under that panel only. |
Confinement reinforcement | |
Provide support regions |
Selected - confinement reinforcement is designed separately in three regions. Cleared - the same confinement reinforcement is designed for the whole stack. |
Slenderness | |
Major (Minor) |
Braced Bracing |
Effective length factor direction Major (Minor) |
Calculated User input value |
Stiffness | |
Use slab for calculation (upper major/ minor, lower major/minor) |
For the unrestrained length calculation:
See: Stiffness |
Nominal cover | The nominal concrete cover is the distance between the surface of the reinforcement closest to the nearest concrete surface (including links and surface reinforcement where relevant) and the nearest concrete surface. |
Seismic | |
In a seismic force resisting system |
If this is the case, select the checkbox, and then specify the SFRS direction and type. Note: Design of members in seismic force resisting systems is only
supported for the ACI/AISC Head Code in the current
release.
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Shear demand/shear capacity ratio in Dir 1 Shear demand/shear capacity ratio in Dir 2 (ASCE 7 code only) |
When working to the ASCE 7, the engineer can directly define the shear demand / capacity ratio (beta) in each direction. The default value of 1.0 could be over-conservative. The setting is applicable to all years of the ASCE 7 code and has the following default and limits: Default = 1; Min = 0.001; Max = 10. |
Utilization ratio | |
Apply (to autodesign) | On
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Apply (to check) | On
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Ratio limit | The utilization ratio against which the autodesign or check is performed (when applied above). |
Wall support | |
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Angles (Fx/Fy/Fz, Mx/My/Mz) |
Used to specify the translational and rotational degrees of freedom in which the support acts:
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Translational stiffnesses (x/y/z) |
Used to specify the translational stiffness applied in a direction that is not fixed:
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Rotational stiffnesses (x/y/z) |
Used to specify the rotational stiffness applied in a direction that is not fixed:
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Reinforcement | |
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Include end zones |
Cleared - the wall is designed without end zones of reinforcement Selected - the wall is designed with end zones of reinforcement
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Wall zone | |
Form, type class | Specifies the wall zone reinforcement properties |
End zone | |
Form, type class | Specifies the end zone reinforcement properties (if end zones have been requested). |
Panel 1, 2, 3 etc. | |
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In a multi-panel wall properties can be entered for a specific panel, over-riding those defined at the All panels level. |
Count the floor as being supported | |
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Top level (Intermediate levels) Base level (Head Code Eurocode, BS or IS) |
If selected, the floor will be treated as supported when calculating the live/imposed load reductions. |
Restrained | |
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Used to indicate at which levels the wall is restrained. Note: Only levels with a connecting member are listed.
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Meshing (meshed walls only) | |
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Override Model’s | Select this checkbox to override the default wall mesh size that is specified in the Structure properties. |
Wall Mesh Horizontal Size | Used to override the default wall horizontal mesh size (1.000m). |
Wall Mesh Vertical Size | Used to override the default wall vertical mesh size (1.000m). |
Wall Mesh Type |
Available mesh types:
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UDA | |
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Name Finish Class Phase Note File |
A customizable list of the attributes that can be applied to individual members and panels. |