Wind wizard workflow

Tekla Structural Designer
2021
Tekla Structural Designer

Wind wizard workflow

The basic steps required to run the wind wizard are as follows:

Clothe the structure in wind wall and roof panels

The Wind Model calculations depend on the geometry and inter-connectivity of the wall panels and roof panels that envelope the building. You must therefore define the model together with its wall and roof panels before you run the Wind Wizard....

Note: You can, should you wish, use Tekla Structural Designer purely for wind assessment - by setting up a model consisting only of wall panels and roof panels (no members). Tekla Structural Designercan then determine the wind loading on the building envelope.

In order to get the best results you should ensure that you define the largest possible sizes for the wind wall and roof panels. You may compromise the results if you define many small panels rather than one large one. (The calculation of the reference height in particular can be unconservative.)

Applying Wall Panels

A single wall panel is determined to be a single planar surface. The outward face is vitally important for determining the wind direction relative to the wall, that is windward or leeward.

It is recommended that you check the outward faces are as you intend by ensuring they are all shaded in the same color (the one assigned to 'Wind Wall - Front' in Settings > Scene). The inward faces will all be shaded in a different color. To correct any mistakes, choose the Edit > Reverse command and then click once on a wall panel to switch its direction. Note that connected wall panels are checked to ensure that the normal directions are consistent whenever automatic zoning is carried out, for example at the end of the Wind Wizard.... If there is a problem it is indicated on the Project Workspace > Wind tab, with affected panels being marked.

Once a wall panel has been placed the following additional panel properties can be specified:
  • Rotation angle - defines the span direction, 0° is horizontal and 90° is vertical.
  • Is a parapet wall - you can indicate whether the wall panel is a parapet or not.
    Note: If a building face comprises a parapet above a wall, you should not attempt to model this as a single wall panel. It should be input as an upper and lower panel, with the upper panel being set as a parapet.
  • Gap - (Head Codes: EC and BS only) where the gap to the adjacent building is not consistent due to the shapes of the buildings it is up to you to decide whether to specify the average or worst-case gap. The default gap is 1000 m which effectively give no funnelling. A zero gap value explicitly means ignore funnelling, for example where this building and the adjacent one are sheltered by upwind buildings
  • Solidity - (Head Codes: EC and BS only) If you set the wall panel as a parapet, then you also need to indicate the Solidity of the parapet. (Wall panels that are not parapets automatically adopt a solidarity of 1.0).
  • Decompose to - for wall panels that are not parapets, you can indicate how the wall load is decomposed on to supporting members. See Wind model load decomposition

To set this information as you require, select the wall panels and then use the Properties Window to make changes.

Applying Roof Panels

A single roof panel is determined to be a single planar surface. The orientation of a roof panel is automatically determined when placed based upon the slope vector - the line of maximum roof slope.

Initially the roof type is set to 'Default'. This is interpreted as Flat if the roof slope < 5 degrees, otherwise it is interpreted as Monopitch. You should select the roof panel and then use the Properties Window to adjust the roof type as necessary for all other situations (i.e. For Duopitch, Hip Main, Hip Gable or Mansard).

The span direction is also set in the Properties Window, this is defined as an angle, where 0° is parallel to the X axis and 90° is parallel to the Y axis.

Perform the gravity design

We recommend that you perform an analysis and design at this stage for the gravity loading only, but this is not essential.

Run the wind wizard

Once the model has been 'clothed' in wall panels and roof panels, the Wind Wizard (located on the Load tab) guides you through the process of intelligently 'applying' wind to the resulting building envelope.

The wizard uses databases where appropriate (depending on the wind code) to determine the appropriate wind details for your structure location.

Having defined the wind directions in which you are interested, on completion of the wizard the appropriate wind zones on the roofs and walls of your structure are automatically calculated. At this point the Update Zones, Wind Loadcases, and Delete Wind commands on the Load tab become available.

Related topics

Wind wizard (EC1991 1-4)

Wind wizard (ASCE 7)

Wind wizard BS6399-2

IS 875 (Part 3) Wind Wizard

Review the wind zones

The resulting wind model is accessed from the Project Workspace Wind tab. Wind Views can also be opened as required for each wind direction.

From here, you can set the type of each roof to achieve the correct zoning, and can then tailor the zoning to account for particular features in more detail, if you so require.

Define the wind loadcases

The Wind Loadcases dialog (located on the Load tab) can then be used to automatically define standard wind loadcases for you based on the usual internal pressure coefficients, or you can define the loadcase information yourself. In both cases the appropriate wind pressures are calculated on each zone.

Once a wind loadcase has been defined the Decomposition command on the Load tab becomes available. This can be used to confirm how the wind loads are decomposed on the structure prior to running the analysis, although this step is not essential as the decomposition will be automatically performed as part of the analysis process anyway.

Note: It is assumed that the wind loads are developed to assess the overall stability of the structure and for member design. The wind loads have not been specifically developed for the design of cladding and fixings.

Related topics

Wind model loadcases

Review wind zone loads

Wind zones can be graphically displayed for each wind direction from the appropriate Wind View. Once the wind loadcases have been created you can also display the wind pressures and zone loads for each loadcase.

Combine the wind loadcases into design combinations

Combine the wind loadcases into design combinations in the usual way.

Perform the static design

Run a static design from the Design tab.

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